The associations of low birth weight with primary hypertension in later life: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate of the study the role of LBW on EH in children and by studying the existing published literature. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search for original studies was conducted in Clarivate Analytics Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase until July 2019. The search used all of the main keywords and its synonyms include essential hypertension, primary hypertension, essential arterial hypertension, idiopathic hypertension, spontaneous hypertension; child, childhood, children, pediatric, pediatrics, infant, infancy, newborn, neonatal, adolescence, teenagers; and BW, newborn weight, neonatal weight, BW. Results: Twelve articles were eligible for the final evaluation. Due to the difference among studies in the report, studies were divided into two-part. The first part, articles were reported in the LBW and NBW groups (interested outcome were SBP and DBP), and the second part was composed as the EH and NR groups (interested outcome were LBW and NBW). In the first part, SMD for SBP was -1.09 with 95 CI (-1.91,-0.26), and was statistically significant (Z=2.58, P=0.010). As well, SMD for DBP was -0.68 with 95 CI (-1.32,-0.05) statistically significant (Z=2.10, P=0.036). In the second part, SMD for SBP was 0.77 with 95 CI (-0.85, 2.39), and was statistically significant (Z=0.93, P=0.352). Subgroup analysis was performed on the pre-term and full- term babies. SMD for SBP was -0.08 with 95 CI (-0.51, 0.35) in the pre-term, and the full-term was -2.07 with 95 CI (-3.47, -0.67). As well, SMD for DBP was -0.02 with 95 CI (-0.20, 0.17) in the preterm, and the term was -1.35 with 95 CI (-1.57, -1.13). Conclusion: Although findings of the correlation between BW and EHTN have conflicted. To our knowledge, this is the first report that attempts to a conclusion.