Factors related to glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Purpose Glycemic control is traditionally evaluated by monitoring of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). This study aims to explore factors related to glycemic control among pediatrics with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 454 students aged 6-18 years with T1DM in 2018. Demographic and disease related information were collected by a validated questionnaire. Generalized Linear Models (GLM) were used to investigate the association of explanatory variables with HbA1c concentration. Results The mean (SD) age of the participants was 11.7(+/- 3.3) years. The overall prevalence of suboptimal glycemic control was 85.5 (HbA1c >= 7). Results showed that post pubertal children experienced a significant decrease in HbA1c levels compared to prepubertal children (beta =-0.83, p = 0.003). Underweight children had an increase of 1.32 in HBA1c concentration compared with normal weight children (beta = 1.32, P = 0.007). We also found that participants with passive smoking had higher HBA1c levels than those without (beta = 0.536, P = 0.022). Conclusions The results indicated that age, BMI and passive smoking and were significantly associated with HbA1c levels. It is suggested that glycemic control is related to multiple factors and the interaction of these factors with each other may have positive or negative effects on it which should be investigated in future studies. Improved understanding in this area could lead to prevention of deterioration in glycemic control.