Polyhydroxybutyrate-starch/carbon nanotube electrospun nanocomposite: A highly potential scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications

Abstract

Blend nanofibers composed of synthetic and natural polymers with carbon nanomaterial, have a great potential for bone tissue engineering. In this study, the electrospun nanocomposite scaffolds based on polyhydroxybutyrate(PHB)-Starch-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated with different concentrations of MWCNTs including 0.5, 0.75 and 1 wt. The synthesized scaffolds were characterized in terms of morphology, porosity, thermal and mechanical properties, biodegradation, bioactivity, and cell behavior. The effect of the developed structures on MG63 cells was determined by real-time PCR quantification of collagen type I, osteocalcin, osteopontin and osteonectin genes. Our results showed that the scaffold containing 1 wt MWCNTs presented the lowest fiber diameter (124 +/- 44 nm) with a porosity percentage above 80 and the highest tensile strength (24.37 +/- 0.22 MPa). The addition of MWCNTs has a positive effect on surface roughness and hydrophilicity. The formation of calcium phosphate sediments on the surface of the scaffolds after immersion in SBF is observed by SEM and verified by EDS and XRD analysis.MG63 cells were well cultured on the scaffold containing MWCNTs and presented more cell viability, ALP secretion, calcium deposition and gene expression compared to the scaffolds without MWCNTs. The PHB-starch-1wt.MWCNTs scaffold can be considerable for studies of supplemental bone tissue engineering applications.