Effect of action observation training on hand function, upper extremity strength and fatigue in individuals with multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects the central nervous system, frequently resulting in upper limb impairment, which considerably affects activities of daily living and quality of life. Action Observation Training (AOT) is a novel neurorehabilitation method that utilizes the mirror neuron system to improve motor performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of AOT in improving hand function, grip strength, and reducing fatigue in individuals with MS. Methods A non-randomized, single-blind clinical experiment was conducted involving 30 multiple sclerosis patients, who were allocated to either an intervention group (AOT in conjunction with standard physical therapy) or a control group (standard physical therapy alone). The primary outcome was evaluated utilizing the Arm Function in Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire (AMSQ). Secondary objectives included grip and pinch strength (assessed by dynamometry) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Evaluations were conducted at baseline and following four weeks of intervention. Data were evaluated utilizing Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with significance established at p < 0.05. Results The intervention group showed significantly greater improvements in AMSQ scores (adjusted mean difference = -29.5, +/- 4.5 SE, p < 0.05), power grip strength (MD = 10.54, +/- 3.20 SE, p = 0.003 for the affected hand), pinch strength (MD = 1.46, +/- 0.45 SE, p = 0.003 for the affected hand), and fatigue (MD = -9.60, +/- 4.13 SE, p = 0.028), compared to the control group. These findings suggest that AOT is an effective intervention for improving upper limb function and reducing fatigue in individuals with MS. Conclusion AOT significantly improves hand function, grip strength, and fatigue levels in individuals with MS, suggesting its potential as an effective rehabilitation tool. Future investigations should examine the enduring advantages of AOT and its amalgamation with alternative neurorehabilitation methodologies.