Examining the Association between Oxidative Stress Markers and the Severity of Symptoms in Individuals with COVID-19 and Healthy Individuals

Abstract

Introduction. The association between inflammation and oxidative stress in COVID-19 patients is well documented. The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress markers in COVID-19 patients compared to the healthy individuals. Methods. In this case-control study, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted on 45 individuals, comprising 30 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and 15 in a healthy control. COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups: mild and severe, based on clinical severity. In addition to standard laboratory tests like ESR, serum levels of oxidative stress markers were measured, including total protein, total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, carbonylated protein content, glutathione reductase enzyme, and catalase activity. Results. ESR levels were significantly elevated in the severe group compared to the mild group. However, no significant differences were observed in the levels of oxidative stress markers between mild and severe COVID-19 patients. Compared to healthy controls, COVID-19 patients exhibited a significant decrease in total protein levels (P < .0001), and significant increases were observed in serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (P < .0001) and total oxidant status (TOS) (P = .002). Conclusion. Oxidative stress markers exhibit a substantial rise in patients with COVID-19, suggesting a potential role in the progression of the disease. Implementing strategies to prevent oxidative stress may offer clinical advantageous in managing COVID-19 patients.