Improving physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of a porous polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan matrix via modification with magnesium and silicon agents

Abstract

Objective(s): Biocomposite scaffolds made from polymers and bioactive materials can provide the necessary bioactivity and mechanical properties for bone tissue engineering. Materials and Methods: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the properties of a novel composite scaffold made from a combination of chitosan, PVA, MgCl2, and GPTMS as a crosslinking agent. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis characterized the prepared composite scaffold. The composite scaffolds' mechanical properties, bioactivity, biocompatibility, swelling, and degradation were also investigated. Results: Significant improvements in the mechanical properties were observed in the modified composite compared to those seen in the scaffold without MgCl2. With an increase in MgCl2 content, the scaffold's degradation and porosity increased, while its swelling capacity decreased. Bioactivity was also enhanced in the composite following the further addition of MgCl2. Conclusion: In vitro tests for cytotoxicity and MG-63 cell proliferation showed that the composite scaffolds were non-cytotoxic, resulting in better cell adherence and growth on the surface of these scaffolds.