Investigating the Canalis Sinuosus and Its Accessory Canals: A Study Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)

Abstract

PurposeThe canalis sinuosus (CS) and its accessory canals (AC) are at risk of injury during various surgical procedures in the anterior maxilla. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, anatomical position, and morphological characteristics of the CS and AC using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).MethodsNinety-four CBCT scans that met the inclusion criteria were retrospectively selected from 334 archived cases at a private maxillofacial radiology center in Isfahan, Iran. Sagittal, axial, and coronal views were analyzed to determine the presence, laterality, diameter, and shape of the CS and AC, as well as the position of AC in relation to adjacent teeth. Statistical analyses included Chi-square, Pearson, Fisher's exact, and binomial tests.ResultsThe CS was present in 100 of cases and was bilateral in all subjects. The mean diameter of the CS was 1.413 +/- 0.336 mm on the right side and 1.389 +/- 0.607 mm on the left side. ACs were observed in 59.6 of cases, with most measuring over 1 mm in diameter. The majority (69.6) had a curved morphology. No significant differences in AC occurrence were found between age groups or genders.ConclusionsCBCT is an effective imaging modality for identifying the CS and AC prior to surgical procedures in the anterior maxilla. Preoperative recognition of these anatomical structures can help reduce surgical complications, such as bleeding, paresthesia, and implant failure.