Lance-Adams Syndrome: An Updated Review of a Rare Post-Hypoxic Complication

Abstract

Objectives: This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of Lance-Adams Syndrome (LAS), focusing on its pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and patient outcomes. Methods: Utilizing the PICO framework, articles describing known cases of LAS and interventions were included, with no specific comparisons. The search was conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Results: LAS is characterized by action myoclonus and related symptoms. Imbalances in neurotransmitters and involvement of brain areas like the cerebellum, thalamus, and basal ganglia play a role in its pathophysiology. Diagnosis primarily relies on symptom history post-anoxic events, and treatments vary in effectiveness. LAS generally carries a more favorable functional prognosis than early post-anoxic status myoclonus, but often remains chronic and disabling. Conclusion: LAS is a complex and rare neurological condition requiring early diagnosis and specific interventions. The compiled information provides a comprehensive overview, assisting clinicians in understanding and managing LAS. This review emphasizes the need for ongoing research and individualized patient care strategies, seeking to enhance overall patient quality of life.