Localized dissection of ascending aorta and arch rupture due to fire suppressant blast: A rare mechanism of injury successfully managed by urgent surgical intervention

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Traumatic aortic injuries are predominantly caused by high-impact motor vehicle collisions, often due to sudden deceleration. This report presents a rare case of localized dissection and partial aortic arch rupture resulting from a fire suppressant explosion. Case Presentation: A 36-year-old male was transferred following a fire suppressant explosion at a copper smelter. He presented with central chest pain and stable hemodynamics, with no signs of external chest trauma. Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed a localized dissection of the ascending aorta and a partial rupture of the aortic arch, in addition to fractures in the hand and foot caused by suppressant debris. The patient subsequently became hemodynamically unstable and required urgent surgical intervention. He underwent ascending aortic and aortic arch repairs. Postoperatively, his course was complicated by a pulmonary embolism, which was managed medically. He was eventually discharged after recovering from his injuries. CONCLUSION: Aortic injuries resulting from small-scale blasts can occur. Successful management relies on a high index of suspicion and timely surgical intervention.