The prevalence and association between avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder-(ARFID) and disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI): a scoping review

Abstract

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is characterized by restrictive and avoidant feeding and eating behaviors not linked to body weight or shape concerns, potentially exacerbated by disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). This scoping review was conducted to systematically map the literature on ARFID and DGBI to determine the prevalence of ARFID in DGBI, the prevalence of DGBI in ARFID patients, and the association between these disorders. Online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically reviewed from 2013 to April 2025. Studies that reported the prevalence of ARFID in DGBI groups, the prevalence of DGBI in ARFID individuals, and examined the association between ARFID and DGBI were included. Out of 4,085 screened sources, nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of ARFID in patients with DGBI ranged from 13.2 to 40. Individuals with ARFID showed a higher risk for DGBI and its symptoms compared to controls. This review summarized the prevalence of ARFID in DGBI patients, and the association between these disorders. Limitations include small sample sizes and inconsistencies in diagnostic scales. Larger-scale research is needed to clarify the association, along with improved assessment tools for accurate diagnosis of ARFID and DGBI.