Antioxidant and antimicrobial design of bio-derived nanoarchitectures for regenerative medicine

Abstract

Bio-derived nanomaterials exhibit enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. These nanostructures with antioxidant properties can protect oxidizable molecules from oxidation and help reduce oxidative damage in biological environments. These materials are widely explored in the food industry, biomedical research, and regenerative medicine. In this review, we discuss bio-derived nanoarchitectures by focusing on coordination chemistry as a design principle that connects green synthesis, surface chemistry, and biological function. Nanoarchitectures created through coordination chemistry are also discussed with regard to their tunable and responsive antioxidant properties, including metal-phenolic networks and coordination complexes based on metal ions such as Ag+. Their antimicrobial properties and multifaceted mechanisms against bacteria, fungi, and viruses are also evaluated. This review highlights how bio-derived nanoarchitectures can provide dual antioxidant and antimicrobial functions in regenerative medicine, including wound healing, bone repair, and tissueengineering scaffolds, where immuno-redox modulation is an important factor. Finally, the challenges, regulatory issues, and future directions toward commercial translation and clinical application are discussed.