Factors Affecting Health Workers' Retention during Epidemics in Developing Countries: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Background: One of the most serious problems threatening the health system during long-term crises is the hospital staffs' intention to leave. This issue causes shortage in human resources in health sector and is very significant for developing countries under epidemic conditions. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting health workers' retention along epidemics in developing countries. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between June 1st and December 20st 2024. Four international databases (i.e., PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science) and two Persian databases (i.e., Magiran and SID) and as well as google scholar search engeen were applied. Ultimately, 23 articles related to the purpose of the research were selected. Results: Eight factors were identified in developing countries influencing the retention of health workers during an epidemic. These factors included Personal protective equipment, stress management, education and awareness, Support and appreciation, financial protection, communication structure, task clarity and sense of worth. Conclusion: Based on the results of the reviewed studies, the most influential factors on the hospital staffs' retention along epidemics, include access to resources, job stress management program and psychological safety, raising awareness, and keeping the hospital staff informed and holding training sessions to cope with risks. These factors can convey a sense of control as well as security to hospital employees and boost their job satisfaction. © 2026 The Author(s); Published by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.