Investigation of the effects of bromelain on serum levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors and prevention of oligodendrocyte cell death in the mouse brain

Abstract

Background. Among the factors affecting the prevalence of myelin-related diseases are mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and decreased synthesis of myelin-related proteins. Bromelain, with its anti-inflammatory effects, plays an important role in preventing nerve damage. In the present study, the effects of bromelain were investigated on serum levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors and prevention of oligodendrocyte cell death in the mouse brain. Methods. A total of 20 C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to control, sham, cuprizone, and bromelain/cuprizone groups. Oligodendrocyte death and changes in serum levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors were induced by cuprizone. Bromelain was daily administered by gavage at a dose of 40 mg/kg in the relevant group. Serum levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors were assessed by ELISA and oligodendrocytes were examined by immunohistochemistry. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results. The mean serum levels of inflammatory factors increased significantly in the cuprizone group and decreased significantly in the bromelain group (P≤0.046). In addition, the mean serum levels of anti-inflammatory factors and the mean percentage of Olig2 and Mog positive cells in the cuprizone group were significantly reduced compared to other groups (P≤0.039), and there was no difference in the bromelain group compared to the control and sham groups. Conclusion. Bromelain, with its anti-inflammatory effects, can play an important role in preventing the death of oligodendrocyte cells. Therefore, it can be used to prevent inflammation, the death of myelin-forming cells, and the destruction of myelin tissue. Practical Implications. Due to its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, bromelain can play a very important role in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. © 2026 The Authors.