A Comparative Overview of Impact Oscillometry and Spirometry in the Assessment of Obstructive Airway Disease in Industrial Workers

Abstract

Background: Obstructive airway diseases represent significant occupational health challenges in industrial settings. Early identification of these conditions is essential to prevent progression and irreversible complications. While spirometry is recognized as the gold standard for diagnosis, impulse oscillometry (IOS), a new and non-invasive technique, has showed substantial potential for early detection, particularly in small airways. This review article aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of both methods in screening and monitoring the lung health of industrial workers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 346 industrial workers between March 2022 and August 2024. Pulmonary function was assessed simultaneously using spirometry and impulse oscillometry (IOS) according to ATS/ERS standards. Data were analyzed using Stata software (version 17) with ANOVA, Chi-square, and Logistic regression tests. Findings: Spirometry detects obstruction by measuring airflow and lung volume; however, its reliance on maximum patient cooperation presents a notable limitation. In contrast, impulse oscillometry measures airway resistance (R) and reactance (X) while requiring only calm, normal breathing, thus offering greater sensitivity for early disease detection in small airways. Numerous studies have indicated that IOS can identify functional impairments in workers exposed to pollutants before spirometry shows any changes. Conclusion: Impulse oscillometry appears to be a valuable complementary tool to spirometry in lung health screening programs for industrial workers. Integrating these two methods can provide a more comprehensive assessment and facilitate early detection of obstructive airway diseases, enabling timely preventive measures. © 2026, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved.