Prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance of acinetobacter species isolated from the patients hospitalized in Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, 2013-2014

Abstract

Background: Acinetobacter infections are of nosocomial infections with a significant increase in antibiotic resistance in recent years. Since the infection in hospitalized patients, especially patients hospitalized in intensive care units and patients with secondary immune deficiency can be associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and patterns of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter species isolated from patients hospitalized in the Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, hospital records of all patients with Acinetobacter nosocomial infection who were hospitalized in Alzahra hospital during 2012 to 2013 were studied. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined in all the patients and isolated Acinetobacter were analyzed based on clinical and demographic characteristic. Findings: 495 cases with nosocomial infection of Acinetobacter were studied. The most antibiotic resistance was seen for ampicillin-sulbactam (21.1) and amikacin (13.1). In addition, the frequency of resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and meropenem were 5.4, 4.8, 2.0, 1.7 and 1.3 percent, respectively. All the samples were sensitive to cefazolin, cefepime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin and tazocin and cotrimoxazole. Resistance to amikacin was different based on the sex, hospitalization, ward and source of sampling; resistance to ampicillin was different based on the source of sampling; resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam was different based on the sex; resistance to cefoxitin was different based on the sex; and finally, resistance to ciprofloxacin was different based on the source of sampling. Conclusion: According to our study, Acinetobacter infection is one of the most prevalent nosocomial infections but a considerable part of samples are sensitive to general antibiotics. High sensitivity to general antibiotics probably is due to the source of infection. In the other hand, contamination with staff’s hands is the most common way for infection transition. Thus, programming for prevention and control of infection transfer must be done in all hospitals. © 2016, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved.