Association of atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with their urinary metabolites in children and adolescents

(2017) Association of atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with their urinary metabolites in children and adolescents. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. pp. 17136-17144. ISSN 0944-1344

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Abstract

This study aims to determine the atmospheric concentrations of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5)-bounded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their association with their urinary metabolites in children and adolescents. This study was conducted from October 2014 to March 2016 in Isfahan, Iran. We measured 16 species of PAHs bounded to PM2.5 by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) from 7 parts of the city. Moreover, PAH urinary metabolites were measured in 186 children and adolescents, randomly selected from households. Urinary metabolites consisted of 1-hydroxy naphthalene (1-naphthol), 2-hydroxy naphthalene (2-naphthol), 9-hydroxy phenanthrene (9-phenanthrol), and 1-hydroxy pyrene using GC/MS. Considering the short half-lives of PAHs, we measured the metabolites twice with 4 to 6 months of time interval. We found that the ambient concentrations of PAHs were significantly associated with their urinary metabolites. 1-hydroxy naphthalene and 2-hydroxy naphthalene concentrations showed an increase of 1.049 (95 CI: 1.030, 1.069) and 1.047 (95 CI: 1.025, 1.066) for each unit increase (1 ng/m(3)) in ambient naphthalene. Similarly, 1-hydroxy pyrene showed an increase of 1.009 (95 CI: 1.006-1.011) for each unit increase (1 ng/m(3)) in ambient pyrene concentration after adjustment for body mass index, physical activity level, urinary creatinine, age, and sex. The association of urinary 9-hydroxyphenanthrene and ambient phenantherene was significant in the crude model; however after adjustment for the abovementioned covariates, it was no more significant. We found significant correlations between exposure to ambient PM2.5-bounded PAHs and their urinary excretion. Considering the adverse health effects of PAHs in the pediatric age group, biomonitoring of PAHs should be underscored; preventive measures need to be intensified.

Item Type: Article
Keywords: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons atmosphere urinary metabolites children and adolescents indoor air 1-hydroxypyrene levels preschool-children us population pah exposure cancer-risk biomarkers samples schoolchildren extraction
Divisions: Faculty of Health > Department of Environmental Health Engineering
Faculty of Health > Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease > Child Growth and Development Research Center
Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease > Environment Research Center
Page Range: pp. 17136-17144
Journal or Publication Title: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Journal Index: ISI
Volume: 24
Number: 20
Identification Number: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9315-8
ISSN: 0944-1344
Depositing User: مهندس مهدی شریفی
URI: http://eprints.mui.ac.ir/id/eprint/444

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