Percutaneous ethanol injection as a promising and minimally invasive treatment for axillary osmidrosis: Double-blinded randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background: Axillary osmidrosis is a common problem with a strong negative impact on the professional and social quality of life. Several options are available for its treatment. But there are no treatment guidelines. The objective of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of percutaneous ethanol injection for treatment of axillary osmidrosis. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess clinical efficacy and postoperative complications of percutaneous ethanol injection was performed among 60 patients (12-35 years of age) with axillary osmidrosis. The active agent used in the experimental group (n = 30) was sterile 90 ethanol and the placebo used in the control group (n = 30) was sterile normal saline administered in an identical syringe. The results of malodor elimination were graded by the patients as excellent, good, fair, and poor. All patients were followed-up for 10 months. Results: Malodor elimination was graded as good by 15 (50) patients treated with percutaneous ethanol injection. A significant difference in the improvement of axillary osmidrosis was found between the experimental and control groups (P < 0.001). The most common post-procedure complication was transient subjective skin stiffness in the experimental group, which regressed spontaneously. There were no serious permanent side effects. Limitations: Relatively short duration of follow-up; and lack of histopathological evidence of destruction of the apocrine glands after treatment in most patients. Conclusions: Percutaneous ethanol injection is an effective and safe treatment method for axillary osmidrosis and does not have permanent side effects.