Technetium-99m chelator-free radiolabeling of specific glutamine tumor imaging nanoprobe: in vitro and in vivo evaluations

Abstract

Introduction: Nowadays, molecular imaging radiopharmaceuticals', nanoparticles', and/or small-molecule biomarkers' applications are increasing rapidly worldwide. Thus, researchers focus on providing the novel, safe, and cost-effective ones. Materials and methods: In the present experiment, technetium-99m (Tc-99m)-labeled PEG-citrate dendrimer-G(2) conjugated with glutamine (nanoconjugate) was designed and assessed as a novel tumor imaging probe both in vitro and in vivo. Nanoconjugate was synthesized and the synthesis was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, and static light scattering techniques. The toxicity was assessed by XTT and apoptosis and necrosis methods. Results: Radiochemical purity indicates that the anionic dendrimer has a very high potential to complex formation with Tc-99m and is also very stable in the human serum in different times. Results from the imaging procedures showed potential ability of nanoconjugates to detect tumor site. Conclusion: Suitable features of the anionic dendrimer show that it is a promising agent to improve nanoradiopharmaceuticals.