Prevalence and Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis in Primary School Students of Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Different studies have indicated an increasing prevalence of AR worldwide. The most common complaints of the patients are itching, tearing eyes, and rhinorrhea. The present study aims to assess the prevalence and risk factors of AR among 6-7-year-old children of Isfahan Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on 973 67-year-old primary school students of Isfahan Province in 2016. The study was conducted based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Results: This study was conducted on 322 (33.1) 6-year-old and 651 (66.9) 7-year-old students. A total of 563 (57.9) and 410 (42.1) students were male and female, respectively. AR was diagnosed in 397 (40.8) cases that 190 (47.8) and 130 (32.7) showed seasonal and permanent AR, respectively. A percentage of 44.7 of 6-year-old and 38.9 of 7-year-old (P = 0.04) students, 42.1 of males and 39 of females (P = 0.336), had AR; however, the percentages were not significant (P = 0.005). Exposure to smoking, plants, and domestic association with AR was not significant (P = 0.317, P = 0.863, and P = 0.253, respectively), but infancy breastfeeding association was significant (P = 0.015). Residence in the second area of Isfahan city was accompanied by higher prevalence of AR (P = 0.006). Conclusion: The prevalence of AR was considerably higher in Isfahan as one of the largest cities of Iran. It was significantly associated with age, infancy milk feeding, and area of residence but not with sex, smoking, plant, and domestic exposure.